Haircuts or hysteresis? Sources

Haircuts or hysteresis? Sources of movements in real exchange rates This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data [ Papers | Articles | Software | Books | Chapters | Authors | Institutions | JEL Classification | NEP reports | Search | New papers by email | Author registration | Rankings | Volunteers | FAQ | Help! ] Haircuts or hysteresis? Sources of movements in real exchange rates Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Author Info Rogers, John H. Jenkins, Michael Abstract No abstract is available for this item. Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have theproper application toview it first. Information about this may be containedin the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS helpfile . Note that these files are not on the IDEASsite. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6D-3YN9D9X-7/2/c012c8cef6b70f42f884377142cdc0fb File Format: File Function: Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it: Publisher Info Article provided by Elsevier in its journal Journal of International Economics . Volume (Year): 38 (1995) Issue (Month): 3-4 () Pages: 339-360 Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML , plain text , BibTeX , RIS , ReDIF Handle: RePEc:eee:inecon:v:38:y:1995:i:3-4:p:339-360 Keywords: Contact details of provider: Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505552 Order Information: For technical questions: (Heidi Boesdal). Related research Other versions of this item: Cited by ( explanations , Please report citation or reference errors to ): Janet Ceglowski, 1998." Has globalization created a borderless world? ," Business Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, issue Mar, pages 17-27. [Downloadable!] Caroline M. Betts & Timothy J. Kehoe, 2005." U.S. Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Relative Price Fluctuations ," IEPR Working Papers 05.16, Institute of Economic Policy Research (IEPR). [Downloadable!] Other versions: Caroline M. Betts & Timothy J. Kehoe, 2004." U.S. Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Relative Price Fluctuations ," Levine's Bibliography 122247000000000587, UCLA Department of Economics. [Downloadable!] Caroline M. Betts & Timothy J. Kehoe, 2004." U.S. real exchange rate fluctuations and relative price fluctuations ," Staff Report 334, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Kenneth A. Froot & Michael Kim & Kenneth Rogoff, 1995." The Law of One Price Over 700 Years ," NBER Working Papers 5132, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Rogoff, Kenneth & Froot, Kenneth A. & Kim, Michael, 2001." The Law of One Price Over 700 Years ," IMF Working Papers 01/174, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!] Froot, K.A. & Kim, M. & Rogoff, K., 1995." The Law of One Price Over 700 Years ," Working Papers 95-13, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. Andrew K. Rose & Charles Engel, 2000." Currency Unions and International Integration ," NBER Working Papers 7872, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Engel, Charles M & Rose, Andrew K, 2001." Currency Unions and International Integration ," CEPR Discussion Papers 2659, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] Rose, Andrew K & Engel, Charles, 2002." Currency Unions and International Integration ," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking ,Ohio State University Press, vol. 34(4), pages 1067-89. Maurice Obstfeld, 2001." International Macroeconomics: Beyond the Mundell-Fleming Model ," Center for International and Development Economics Research, Working Paper Series 1000, Center for International and Development Economics Research, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Maurice Obstfeld., 2001." International Macroeconomics: Beyond the Mundell-Fleming Model ," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers C01-121, University of California at Berkeley. [Downloadable!] Maurice Obstfeld, 2001." International Macroeconomics: Beyond the Mundell-Fleming Model ," NBER Working Papers 8369, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Maurice Obstfeld, 2003." International Macroeconomics: Beyond the Mundell-Fleming Model ," International Finance 0303006, Economics Working Paper Archive EconWPA. [Downloadable!] David C. Parsley & Shang-Jin Wei, 1996." Convergence to the Law of One Price Without Trade Barriers or Currency Fluctuations ," NBER Working Papers 5654, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Parsley, David C & Wei, Shang-Jin, 1996." Convergence to the Law of One Price without Trade Barriers or Currency Fluctuations ," The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,MIT Press, vol. 111(4), pages 1211-36. [Downloadable!] Charles Engel, 1998." Long-Run PPP May Not Hold After All ," Discussion Papers in Economics at the University of Washington 0050, Department of Economics at the University of Washington. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Engel, C., 1996." Long-Run PPP May Not Hold After All ," Discussion Papers in Economics at the University of Washington 96-05, Department of Economics at the University of Washington. Charles Engel, 1996." Long-Run PPP May Not Hold After All ," NBER Working Papers 5646, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Engel, Charles, 2000." Long-run PPP may not hold after all ," Journal of International Economics ,Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 243-273. [Downloadable!] David Bowman & Brian M. Doyle, 2003." New Keynesian, open-economy models and their implications for monetary policy ," International Finance Discussion Papers 762, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!] Statistics Access and download statistics Did you know? Use the JEL tree to browse through the database by subfields. This page was last updated on 2005-12-25. This information is provided to you by IDEAS at UConn Economics using RePEc data

Stop Hair Loss and

Hair Loss Solutions - How to Help Stop Hair Loss and Regrow Hair Web EzineArticles.com Submit Articles Watch the Video -- Members Login Benefits Recent Articles Expert Authors Experts By Location Read Endorsements Editorial Guidelines Author TOS Terms of Service Ezines / Email Alerts Manage Subscriptions EzineArticles RSS Blog Forums About Us What's New Contact Us Affiliates Link To Us Privacy Policy Site Map Search All Options Search Article IDs Search Article Titles Search Articles Search Expert Authors Search Article Keywords Search Article Summary Advanced Search Power Search Email Address: Your Name: Got an Ezine Marketing or Email Newsletter Question? AskChrisKnight.com HOME :: Health-and-Fitness / Hair-Loss Hair Loss Solutions - How to Help Stop Hair Loss and Regrow Hair By Danna Schneider Article Word Count: 787 [ View Summary ] Comments (0) Hair loss and male-pattern baldness is an affliction suffered by thousands of men, and can be a real source of insecurity and embarrassment for those not ready to lose their hair or shave their head. Even worse, and more devastating are the younger cases where the hair loss process begins long before a man even reaches his thirtieth birthday. So what are your options if you are one of these men, uncontrollably losing your hair before your time? Well, you can do what many others do shave your head for the sake of uniformity. Lots of men look great with a shaved head it just fits their personality and style, and they seem comfortable that way. For those unwilling to give up on their hair, there are hairpieces or plugs, neither of which have been perfected to the point of being undetectable, and both having a societal stigma as being somewhat tacky and undesirable. The other option, of course, is to try one of the hair loss products that several reputable manufacturers now offer, both in prescription and nonprescription form. While there is still no magic pill that can unflinchingly promise every man (and woman) who takes it will re-grow their hair, there are some very promising and effective hair loss products and treatments currently on the market and also in development. Propecia, Rogaine (Monoxadil), Avacor and Proxiphen are just a few of the top prescription and nonprescription hair loss products on the market today, and theyve all had varying degrees of success in re-growing their clients hair. Since the demand for hair loss products is so great, there have been many non-prescription hair loss alternatives recently introduced in an effort to offer men (and women) a more economical and convenient alternative to re-grow hair and prevent further hair loss. There are also several vitamins that have been specially formulated both for thinning hair and to promote the speedy growth of healthy, shiny hair. Vitamins for thinning hair and faster hair growth and re-growth are usually a varying combination of several key amino acids, biotin, vitamins B6 and E, and zinc. Many who take vitamins of this nature do report thicker, more lustrous and healthy hair, but if your goal is to actually re-grow hair and not just thicken thinning hair, then you would probably want to consider a more serious hair loss supplement or treatment that specifically targets balding and hair loss. Here's a little tip to help stimulate hair growth massage the scalp. This is an age-old hairstylist tip to help stimulate the hair follicles, unclog any blocked oil glands in the scalp, and help promote a healthy scalp and new, healthy hair growth. Plus, its relaxing and it feels good, so its not such a chore! Hair loss supplements can range from pricey to reasonable, tested and untested, and clinically proven vs. not clinically proven. You have to use good judgment and do a little homework on the internet, or by reading consumer reviews, testimonials and surveys to see what really should work best for your situation. Some even offer money back guarantees or some sort or money back for unused portions. Now, lets talk about being proactive in preventing future hair loss. Many times, the underlying cause for premature hair loss and male pattern balding is hereditary, but it can also be brought on by a hormonal imbalance of the male or female hormones, known as androgens and estrogens. Correcting a hormonal imbalance many times can stop hair loss. This example can be seen in women who notice hair loss shortly after theyve had a baby. The cause for this is a drop in hormones that kept much more hair on the head than normal during pregnancy because the levels of this hormone are unusually high at this time. Some medications can also cause or aggravate hair loss. Typically these medications are blood thinners, gout medication, chemotherapy medications for cancer, too much vitamin A, birth control pills and antidepressants. Avoid tight or pulling hairstyles like high or tight ponytails and cornrows, and also stay away from harsh chemical treatments such as perms and other potentially volatile, damaging hair treatments. Typical hair loss treatments, prescription and nonprescription, usually take about six months before you can tell they are working, so patience is a must. There is no overnight fix to hair loss unfortunately. As long as you are comfortable with your chosen hair loss remedy, and have planned a preventative and maintenance course of action, thats really all that matters. Visit Herbal Hair Loss Remedies for more information on how you can naturally regrow hair and keep your existing hair. Danna Schneider is the webmaster of Herbal-Therapeutics Effective Herbal Remedies . Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Danna_Schneider Additional EzineArticles from the Health-and-Fitness:Hair-Loss Category: The Shocking Truth About Female Hair Loss Hair Loss -A Discussion Top 10 Myths About Hair Loss Female Hair Loss Treatment and Information Facts for Men and Women Experiencing Hair Loss Hair Loss Remedies Around the Globe Natural Hair Loss Prevention and Treatment Options for Hair Loss Hair Loss - What Causes It? Hair Loss - How To Deal With It Emotionally Hair Loss Treatment Useful Tips for Successful Hair Loss Treatment Sudden Hair Loss: The Stress Factor Part I Hair Loss Basic Understanding Beating Hair Loss and Also Understanding How it Comes About Hair Replacement 10 Things You Need to Know When Considering a Hair Replacement Is My Hair Loss Temporary? Laser Hair Removal Know The Facts Hair Restoration: What to Expect Stem Cell Therapy For Hair Loss Vitamins for Hair Loss - The Wow Factor - Dramatic Hair Regrowth in Men and Women Innovations in Hair Transplant and Other Alternatives to Hair Loss Hair Replacement Is a Transplant the Answer? Hair Loss Factors Home Hair Loss Remedies Avoid Drug Side Effects Natural Hair Loss Treatments The Best in Hair Removal Options for You Medical Hair Restoration the Best Choice Hairloss Treatments Ancient Treatments Still Work Today Hair Loss Treatments - What Makes Sense Coping with Female Hair Loss Stop Losing Your Hair Now! 5 Tips to Eliminating Women's Facial Hair This article has been viewed 2997 time(s). Article Submitted On: April 09, 2005 Please Rate This Article: Select Rating Excellent Very Good Interesting Fair Could Use Improvement Number of ratings: 1 Rating: 4 © EzineArticles.com - All Rights Reserved Worldwide. EzineArticles.com is a Member of the EmailUniverse.com Network

stop hair loss most

eMedicine Health - Hair Loss, Next Steps Search December 28, 2005 Registration Healthcare Professionals You are in: Skin, Hair, and Nails > Hair Loss Hair Loss Next Steps | Follow-up | During treatment for hair loss, you can expect to return to the doctor periodically to determine the response to treatment and to monitor for side effects from the medications being used. | Prevention | Prevention can be accomplished only by early treatment. Sometimes what you think may be hair loss is actually just hair breakage from overuse of hair dryers, curling irons, dyes, and styling products. | Outlook | The ability to stop hair loss most often depends on the underlying cause. If taking a certain medication was the cause, stopping the medication would stop the hair loss. The most common type of hair loss, androgenic alopecia, usually follows a pattern with hair thinning in the front of the scalp first and progressing on to involve the back and top of the head. This type tends to be progressive. Finasteride helps stop hair loss in about 60% of men, and minoxidil decreases hair loss in about 50% of men and women. The best prevention of hair loss is early treatment. Research has shown that minoxidil is most useful for people who have been losing hair for less than 5 years. A doctor who can help determine if the medications are working and who can watch for side effects of the medications should follow up with people who are being treated with minoxidil or finasteride. < Hair Loss Treatment Hair Loss, Multimedia > Sections - Hair Loss Overview - Hair Loss Causes - Hair Loss Symptoms - When to Seek Medical Care - Exams and Tests - Hair Loss Treatment - Next Steps - Multimedia - Synonyms and Keywords - Authors and Editors Are you sad, bored, fatigued, irritable, unable to concentrate, pessimistic? If you've been feeling this way for at least 2 weeks, you may have clinical depression. Learn what can help. Dementia is not something that happens only to older people. Learn about causes and treatment options. Wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, coughing–all symptoms of asthma. Find out more. Stress, fear, or worries can lead to severe anxiety, which can have a serious impact on your life. Do you need to seek help? Anxiety Arthritis Bone, Joint, Muscle Cholesterol Dementia Depression Headache Mental Health Women's Health About Us | Privacy | Code of Ethics | Terms of Use | Contact Us | Advertise | Healthcare Professionals We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here . © 2003-2005 eMedicine.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved . Medicine is a constantly changing science, and clearly established therapiesare not always available for every condition. New research findingsnecessitate continual changes in drug and treatment therapies. The authors,editors, and publisher of this journal have used reasonable efforts to provideup-to-date, accurate information that is within generally accepted medicalstandards at the time of publication. However, as medical science is everevolving, and human error is always possible, the authors, editors, andpublisher (or any other involved party) do not guarantee total accuracy orcomprehensiveness of the information in this article, nor are theyresponsible for omissions, errors, or the results of using this information.The reader should confirm the accuracy of the information in this articlefrom other sources. In particular, all drug doses, indications, andcontraindications should be confirmed in package inserts. FULL DISCLAIMER

Laser Hair Removal New York

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[required] I understand a business may call to answer any questions or to setup an appointment. 11) Details: [required] I want responses from Businesses that serve or ship to: [required] 12) ZIP/Postal Code: -- OR -- City/State/Province -- Select One -- Alabama Alaska Alberta American Somoa Arizona Arkansas British Columbia California Caroline Islands Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Manitoba Mariana Islands Marshall Islands Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Brunswick New Foundland New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota NorthWest Territories Nova Scotia Ohio Oklahoma Ontario Oregon Pennsylvania Prince Edward Island Puerto Rico Palau Quebec Rhode Island Saskatchewan South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Yukon Territory Your Contact Information 13) I would like to receive responses at this email address: [required] 14) First Name: [required] Last Name: [required] 15) Phone Number: [required] ( ) Cell Phone: ( ) Best Time: [required] -- Select One -- Morning Afternoon Evening Weekend No Preference By submitting your request you acknowledge your acceptance of Respond Health's Terms of Use . NEED ASSISTANCE FILLING OUT THIS FORM? Speak with our Customer Service department by calling 1-866-638-5323 (703-259-4457) (Monday - Friday 9am - 6pm EST) About Respond Since 1999 , 2.5 million members have used Respond to find leading local professionals. Respond is a vibrant community of buyers and sellers that believes in a quality consumer experience. About Us | Code of Conduct Local Directory Respond Health Directory lists the top Businesses in your area, organized by speciality and office location. Top Cities New York Chicago Toronto Los Angeles Washington DC Vancouver US Cities Austin Atlanta Boston Charlotte Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dallas Denver Detroit Hartford Houston Indianapolis Jacksonville Las Vegas Milwaukee Nashville Orlando Pittsburgh Portland Providence Philadelphia Phoenix Miami Minneapolis New Orleans Raleigh Sacramento St. Louis San Antonio San Diego San Francisco Seattle Tampa Bay Virginia Beach W. Palm Beach Canadian Cities Calgary Edmonton Ottawa Winnipeg Postal/Zip Code: Neighborhood Referrals Spread the word about quality Businesses Business Name: Business Phone: ( ) Business Email: City / State: -- Select One -- Alabama Alaska Alberta American Somoa Arizona Arkansas British Columbia California Caroline Islands Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Manitoba Mariana Islands Marshall Islands Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Brunswick New Foundland New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota NorthWest Territories Nova Scotia Ohio Oklahoma Ontario Oregon Pennsylvania Prince Edward Island Puerto Rico Palau Quebec Rhode Island Saskatchewan South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Yukon Territory ........................................................................................................................................................... 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Leg Hair Removal

Laserscope - Facts & FAQs - Treatments for Hair Removal, Leg Veins, Wrinkle Removal Facts & Frequently Asked Questions Lasers and Applications Clinical Studies Product Information Education Clinical Quotes Tradeshows Workshops & Seminars Professional Inquiry Facts & FAQs Marketing Materials Acne Q&A's Why does acne occur? What systems treat acne? What are the advantages of using the Aura or Gemini to treat Acne? What kind of acne does the Aura/Gemini lasers treat? How does the laser help clear acne? How long should the treatment take? How many treatments should I need? How long do the effects last? How effective is the laser? What will happen in the procedures? Is it painful? When should I see results? Are there side effects? Can I apply make up right afterwards? Vascular Lesions (Leg veins and broken capillaries) Q&A's How does the treatment work? What can I expect during the treatment? What should I expect after the procedure? How many treatments will I need? Wrinkles Q&A What lasers treat wrinkles? How many treatments are needed for reduction of facial wrinkles using the Lyra or Gemini? How many treatments are needed for reduction of facial wrinkles using the Venus? What skin conditions can be treated? Hair Removal Q&A 's How does the process work? What may I be asked before treatment? What can I expect during treatment? How many treatments will the patient need for hair removal? What can I expect after treatment? How "permanent" is "permanent" following the course of epilation treatment? Pseudofolliculitis (shaving bumps) Q&A's What is Pseudo-Folliculitis? How does the treatment work? What should I expect during treatment? What should I expect after treatment? How many treatments will be needed? Hear what patients are saying about the treatment Lyra Laser System Q&A's How does the Lyra -i from Laserscope differ from other lasers? How long has it been around? Is it widely recognized? Under what circumstances would a physician use the Laserscope Lyra -i as opposed to other lasers? Who is a perfect candidate for laser surgery treatment with the Laserscope Lyra -i ? How does it work? Acne Q&A's Why does acne occur? Acne occurs for a variety of reasons including an inability of skin cells to shed properly, causing the pores to plug, forcing the oil and bacteria that would naturally escape to be trapped inside. As the oil and bacteria accumulates, the skin becomes inflamed and swells outward forming the familiar whiteheads, blackheads and pimples. Acne is seen in many age groups, but is most common in teens and frequently appears on the face, neck, shoulders, back, and chest. Back to Top What systems treat acne? The Aura and Gemini. Back to Top What kind of acne does the Aura/Gemini lasers treat? The lasers are FDA cleared for facial acne, though they can be used anywhere acne is normally present. Back to Top How does the laser help clear acne? Light pulses are delivered through the skin's surface, targeting an organic compound generated by the Propionibacterium acnes (p. acne) bacteria called porphyrin. These porphyrins are photosensitive and when targeted by light, generate singlet oxygen, which kill the p. acne bacteria that cause inflammation. Back to Top How long should the treatment take? Treatment times will vary depending on the size of the treatment area, though a full face will frequently take about 20 minutes. Back to Top How many treatments should I need? Physicians who have conducted acne laser treatments frequently start with a four treatment course, two per week for two weeks. More treatments may be needed for those with more severe acne. Back to Top How long do the effects last? Clinical data suggests that most patients find their acne improves after two weeks of twice weekly treatments. While many patients continue to improve over the months following treatment, some patients experience a plateau in their improvement. Repeated treatments may be necessary to maintain results. Back to Top How effective is the laser? In studies conducted at Wellman Labs in Massachusetts and at a private facility in California, 91% of patients saw their acne improve by an average of 66%. In the most recent clinical study patients saw their acne become 81% less severe. Back to Top What will happen in the procedures? After discussing your medical history, including any drugs you are currently taking, with your medical practitioner, the treatment area will be cleaned and a thin layer of clear gel will be applied. Your practitioner will glide the laser handpiece over the treatment area in a brushing motion as the laser light is pulsed safely through the skin. Back to Top Is it painful? Many patients describe the laser pulses as feeling like the snap of a rubber band against the skin, however treatments done over active lesions may be more uncomfortable. Your medical practitioner may recommend a topical anesthetic in order to make treatments more comfortable. Back to Top When should I see results? Patients frequently see results within the first week following treatment. Back to Top Are there side effects? Immediately following the procedure patients may experience mild to moderate redness and swelling that will fade in as little as a couple hours to as much as a few days. Back to Top Can I apply make up right afterwards? Yes. Back to Top Vascular Lesions Q&A's (Leg veins and broken capillaries) How does the treatment work? The Lyra-i and Gemini both produce a 1064nm wavelength. While the rest of the skin is almost completely transparent for this wavelength, it is highly absorbed in blood. Thus, the laser beam passes through the skin and penetrates the targeted vessel. The laser energy heats up and coagulates blood inside the vessel. Unsupported, vessel walls collapse and seal. These vessels later dissolve within the body. The laser energy is delivered through a hand-held device with a cooling tip. The cooling tip provides additional safety and comfort during the treatment by lowering the thermal effect on your skin surface. Back to Top What can I expect during the treatment? You may experience a stinging sensation during the treatment, which resolves immediately after the treatment is over. In some cases, you may be offered topical anesthetic cream, which may eliminate much of the discomfort associated with the treatment. Back to Top What should I expect after the procedure? The appearance of the treated vessels will dramatically change turning from blue and purple into light red. Some of the vessels may bulge, however, any inflammation will disappear within a couple of hours. The redness of the treated vessels will be gradually disappearing as the healing process occurs, which may take anywhere between 2 and 6 weeks depending on the severity of the veins. The post-operative treatment regime may include wearing pressure hose, avoiding medication containing aspirin and wearing sunscreen. Make sure to discuss these options with your laser practitioner prior to the treatment. Back to Top How many treatments will I need? Depending on the severity of the veins, you may require anywhere between one and three treatments six weeks apart. The treatment is performed on the existing vessels, diminishing or completely eliminating their appearance. However, the development of new veins cannot be prevented. If your body tends to develop vascular problems you will most likely come back for additional treatments. Back to Top Wrinkles Q&A What lasers treat wrinkles? The Venus, Lyra and Gemini. The Venus Laser is ablative and improves wrinkles by removing the top most layer of skin. A new layer of skin then grows over the treated area forming a new, smoother layer of skin. In contrast the Lyra and Gemini are non-ablative and work by stimulating collagen production from inside the skin. As a general statement the Venus works from the outside in while the Lyra and Gemini work from the inside out. Back to Top How many treatments are needed for reduction of facial wrinkles using the Lyra or Gemini? The treatment of facial wrinkles is progressive with very little down time, results will begin to be apparent after the 3rd treatment. Generally five to eight treatments are required, spaced two to four weeks apart. Back to Top How many treatments are needed for reduction of facial wrinkles using the Venus? The number of treatments vary directly with the amount of work, the desired recovery time. (i.e. if you wish to have a very light peel with minimal downtime you will likely need more treatments in order to achieve the desired effect.) Back to Top What skin conditions can be treated? Many facial conditions such as fine wrinkling around the eyelids, forehead, nose and mouth can be smoothened by laser skin resurfacing. Deep laugh and frown lines can be minimized. Even the lingering effects of scars, irregular surgical scars, and other surface abnormalities can be successfully treated. Back to Top Hair Removal Q&A's How does the process work? Through a process called Selective Photothermolysis laser light is passed through the skin and is absorbed by pigment in the hair follicle. The heat generated by the laser light both injures the follicle and inhibits future growth, while leaving the skin unharmed. Back to Top What may I be asked before treatment? A treatment specialist will likely run through your medical history to see if you have had any issues that may impact the procedures safety. For example: have you had keloid scarring, used Accutane in the last 6 months, etc.) In addition the specialist will request that you not wax, pluck, or tweeze for four weeks preceding the treatments as doing so may reduce the effectiveness of the treatments. Note: shaving should not affect results. Back to Top What can I expect during treatment? Laser light will be delivered through a hand held wand attached to a laser console. You may experience a stinging sensation as the laser pulse is delivered. To reduce discomfort, the cooling system automatically removes heat from the surface of your skin before, during and after the laser exposure. You should not need general anesthesia or pain medication, but a topical anesthetic cream may be applied to sensitive areas. The process can take from just a few minutes for an upper lip to several hours for a full back and legs. Back to Top How many treatments will the patient need for hair removal? Hair growth involves several cycles and, thus, some hairs may be affected during a single treatment and some may not. We have seen that after several treatments most terminal (mature) hairs are replaced with finer hairs of lighter color. Some hairs are completely eliminated. Although complete hair removal may not be achieved, the hairs become less visible and, thus, less bothersome. The number of treatments needed to obtain optimal results varies with hair density, color and growth cycle as well as skin type, though it is common to have 3-4, and possibly as many as 8, treatments; one every 4-8 weeks. Results will improve with each subsequent treatment. Back to Top What can I expect after treatment? The treated area is cleansed and you are free to return to your normal routine. Some patients may experience a slight reddening around hair follicles, though this will typically disappear within a few minutes. It is always recommended that you avoid sun exposure or use sunscreen following treatment. Several days after treatment injured hair follicles will begin to fall out, a process that can be sped up by lightly rubbing the skin with a towel. It may seem that some hair continues to grow for several weeks after the procedure, but many of these will also fall out. What hair that is not eliminated will likely be replaced by thinner, lighter, significantly less noticeable hair. Back to Top How "permanent" is "permanent" following the course of epilation treatment? Since the procedure is very new and people go through so many stages in their lives it is impossible to completely determine at this time. However, we have seen up to 2 years with no hair re-growth following several treatments. Back to Top Pseudofolliculitis (shaving bumps) Q&As What is Pseudo-Folliculitis? Pseudo-folliculitis (PF), commonly known as shaving bumps, is an inflammatory condition, widespread among individuals with thick curly hair. As the hair grows out of the skin, it curls and re-enters the skin. The skin reacts to it as a foreign object and becomes inflamed and irritated, creating bumps and discoloration. Often hairs start curling even before growing out of the skin, creating in-grown hairs. These bumps become quite large, causing discomfort to the patient. Sometimes relief can be achieved with the use of topical steroids and exfoliating agents. Growing hair is sometimes curative as well. More commonly, the ingrown hair is pulled out after each shaving session. Although this is a solution, it is, however, painful and time consuming. Back to Top How does the treatment work? The laser beam passes through the skin and is absorbed in the hair follicle residing underneath the skin surface. The laser energy destroys the follicle with the heat that it generates. Destroyed hairs are then either dissolved within the skin or extruded by the body. Because the laser beam is larger in diameter than the hair follicle, a large number of hairs can be treated simultaneously. Back to Top What should I expect during treatment? Most patients experience a stinging or burning sensation when a laser pulse is delivered. While general anesthesia will not be required, a topical anesthetic may be applied to sensitive skin. To further reduce discomfort, Lyra and Gemini both utilize a special cooling system that lowers the temperature of the skin at the treatment site before, during and after laser exposure. Back to Top What should I expect after treatment? After treatment, you may return to your regular routine immediately. Some patients may experience a slight reddening around the hair follicles immediately following treatment which typically disappears within a few minutes. It will seem that the hair continues to grow for a period of one to two weeks after laser treatment, but in fact, these hairs are actually lifeless and are simply being cast out by your body. Back to Top How many treatments will be needed? Laser treatment impairs the growth of hair follicles when they are in the growth cycle at the time of treatment. All hair follicles are not active at the same time. Depending upon the growth cycle of the follicles when the treatment is applied, multiple treatments, spaced a few weeks apart, may be required to obtain the overall desired effect. Back to Top Here's what patients are saying about the treatment? "After only a couple treatments I have noticed dramatic reductions in the facial hair areas. Shaving is much easier now and faster. The constant itching and scratching is totally gone and I have a renewed sense of confidence about my appearance". Rick., Houston, TX "I noticed a difference after the first treatment. But it was after the second treatment that I noticed an amazing difference. ……I used to shave everyday. It has now been 6 months since the last time I shaved. Now when I stop to look in the mirror I smile… it saved my life." Barbara, Dallas, TX Back to Top Lyra Laser System Q&A How does the Lyra -i from Laserscope differ from other lasers? The Laserscope Lyra -i 1064 nm laser produces a deeply penetrating, consistently therapeutic wavelength. This combination of the wavelength, long pulses and safe therapeutic energies makes the Lyra laser unique when compared with most other laser systems. The principal reason for this design was to produce a system that would be safe and effective on all skin types, including very dark and tanned patients. Before Lyra systems became available, no other laser could be used on all skin tones. Back to Top How long has it been around? Lyra -i is the newest generation of a laser series introduced in 1999, and has been cleared by the FDA for the safe and effective treatment of all skin types, including those who wish to be treated while tanning. Back to Top Is it widely recognized? Hundreds of Lyra laser systems are in use around the world by many prominent physicians in aesthetic medicine. In fact many of the famous faces in the world are kept youthful by Lyra's unique ability to treat facial wrinkles. Back to Top Under what circumstances would a physician use the Laserscope Lyra -i as opposed to other lasers? Many lasers can not safely be used on tanning patients or on all skin types. A physician would select the Lyra laser to safely and effectively treat facial wrinkles, leg veins, and unwanted hair. Back to Top Who is a perfect candidate for laser treatment with the Laserscope Lyra -i ? For facial wrinkles, any patient with fine lines and/or moderate wrinkles are ideal candidates. For hair removal, patients with any skin color with brown or black hairs. For patients with leg veins, those with blue, red or purple vessels up to 4mm in diameter. Additionally, any skin type patients that have deep vascular malformations, such as hemangiomas or resistant port wine stains, are good candidates for Lyra -i . Back to Top How does it work? The laser light penetrates the skin keeping it intact until it reaches its target - either a hair follicle (for hair removal) or a vessel (for leg vein treatment). Once the laser energy reaches the target, it is immediately absorbed. At this point, the energy turns into heat and destroys the target without harming any surrounding tissue. It then takes a short while for the hair or vessel to dissipate into the body. The laser energy is delivered through a chilled window to protect the patient's skin and provide comfort. Back to Top Caution: Federal (US) law restricts Laserscope devices to sale by or on the order of a licensed practitioner.