Hair Cut, Short Hair

HAIR SALON in Albany Twp, ME 04217 on Yahoo! Local. Search for: Address, City & State, or ZIP Search Tips My Locations Make this my default Yahoo! location Albany Twp City Page > Health & Beauty > hair salon Local Results Results 1 - 3 out of 3 total results for hair salon in Albany Twp, ME 04217 ( About this page ) Save to My Web Printable Version Sorted by: Top Results | Distance | Name | Rating (1) Write a review Jade's Salon (207) 824-4834 39 Mayville Rd, Bethel, ME 4.97 mi Map | Directions | Send to Phone | Save ...I am a local in Bethel and have been since 1979. All three of these girls will treat you right. They have all cut my hair or done my nails or colored my hair . Sam is the first and only person I have ever and will ever color... more See all: Salons Rate it His & Hers Place (207) 875-2780 297 Main St, Greenwood, ME 7.96 mi Map | Directions | Send to Phone | Save See all: Salons - Hair Salons Rate it Country Hair Shed (207) 364-7646 Howard Pond Rd, Hanover, ME 8.39 mi Map | Directions | Send to Phone | Save See all: Salons Web results for "hair salon" near your location Jade s Salon Bethel, ME Jade s Salon at 39 Mayville Rd in Bethel, ME 04217-4409 http://www.findhairstyles.com/Salons/detail/128454.html nail salon acrylic montgomery al 36106 directory All About Nail Salon Acrylic Montgomery Al 36106. Here you http://online-nail-salon.com/nailsalonacrylicmontgomeryal36106/index.php Tanning Salons in Oakland, ME. Yellow Pages online for Tanning Salons in Oakland, ME. This includes Tanning Salons... Find Tanning Salons in Oakland, ME on MagicYellow. Yellow Pages online for Tanning Salons in Oakland, ME. This includes Tanning Salons, Salons, Tan, Tanning, Tan Salon http://www.magicyellow.com/category/Tanning_Salons/Oakland_ME.html Portland, ME Hair Salons Portland, ME Hair Salons, Yellow Page Directory Listing for Portland, ME, including Hair Salons, Hair Stylist, Hair Style, Hair Cut, Short Hair Cut http://www.yellowusa.com/category/Hair_Salons/Portland_ME.html North Conway Shopping Directory - Maximus Hair Salon North Conway Shopping Directory - Maximus Hair Salon http://www.northconwayvillage.net/north-conway-maximus-salon.html Hair Salon New Hampshire - Hair Salons in New Hampshire Image Galaxy - Directory of Hair Salons in New Hampshire http://www.image-galaxy.com/new-hampshire/hair-salon.php North Conway Shopping & Outlets Directory - Maximus Hair Salon North Conway Shopping & Outlets Directory - Maximus Hair Salon http://www.shopmtwashingtonvalley.com/north-conway-maximus-salon.html SalonSearch.com- Hair Salons, Spas, Nail Salons, Salon Locate hair salons, hairstyles, spas, tanning, nail salons and the latest looks and trends. http://www.salonsearch.com/salonDetails/tanning/17818/Maximum-Exposure-&-Maximum-Exposure2.html Maine Nail Salon Directory Maine Nail Salon Directory A Knack For Nails 8 Maine Ave Gardiner, ME 04345-2131 Phone: (207) 582-8822 A Perfect 10 Nail Salon 650 Main St South Portland, ME 04106-5448 Phone: (207) 780-8477 Absolute Nail & Tanning Main http://www.nailsalonsonline.com/Maine2.htm Keiko s Family Hair Care KEIKO s is a family owned and run salon, catering to the people of the greater Lewiston/Auburn area. Some of KEIKO s clients travel from as far as Bangor, ME and Canaan, NH. KEIKO s offers their clients full hair services, including color, ... http://www.keikos.com/ more web results Business Owners: Add your business to Yahoo! Local for free! Refine Results: Show results within: 1 mile 1 miles 3 miles 3 miles 5 miles 5 miles 10 miles 10 miles 25 miles 25 miles 50 miles 50 miles of the center of 04217 view larger map Category: Top 5 Categories: Salons (3) Hair Salons (1) Rating: ( rating key ) 5 Stars (1) 4 Stars and above (1) 3 Stars and above (1) 2 Stars and above (1) 1 Star and above (1) Name: 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z On | Off Recent History ( what's this? ) Recently Viewed: No recently viewed pages Recent Searches: No recent searches Clear Recent History Search for: Address, City & State, or ZIP Search Tips My Locations Make this my default Yahoo! location

Laser Hair Removal New York

Dormer Medical Spa - Alternative Medicine, Beauty & Fitness - New York, NY, 10021 - Citysearch 8 BOC Spa & Beauty: 8 days till voting begins -- New to Citysearch? Sign In · Help · Dec 28 2005 Home Restaurants Bars & Clubs Hotels Shopping Spa & Beauty Movies Events See More Categories » Search Business name, category, and/or keyword Search by name only Address, city & state, or zip | Neighborhood Address, city & state, or zip | Neighborhood Address, city & state, or zip | Airport Address, city & state, or zip | Attraction Select a New York Neighborhood Astoria Bronx Brooklyn Carroll Gardens/Cobble Hill Chelsea Chinatown East Village Financial District Flatiron District Fort Greene Gramercy Park Greenwich Village Harlem Little Italy Lower East Side Meatpacking District Midtown East Midtown W/Hells Kitchen Murray Hill Park Slope Queens Soho Times Square/Theater Dist Tribeca Union Square Upper East Side Upper West Side West Village Williamsburg Select an New York Airport Select an New York Attraction My Locations Add/edit locations Recent Locations Clear recent locations Save to My Citysearch Printer Friendly Version Home · Yellow Pages · Alternative Medicine · Massage · Profile Dormer Medical Spa 22 E 72nd St Fl 5 New York, NY 10021 (212) 535-5905 () - (Fax) Editorial Profile What happens when a doctor and a skin care specialist join forces. Read More | User Reviews (3) 8.9 Overall Recommended About our ratings Ratings feedback Send to a Friend Own this business? » Enhance or edit your listing See something wrong? » Suggest a correction Things to do nearby: 22 E 72nd St Fl 5 New York, NY 10021 · Restaurants · Hotels · Bars · Movie Theaters · Department Stores · Shopping Centers & Malls · Grocery Stores · Pharmacies · Florists · Banks Related Searches · New York Alternative Medicine · New York Massage Alternative Medicine · Search anything in New York · Search Yellow Pages in New York · Search other Cities · Browse New York Editorial Lists Dormer Medical Spa A message from this business Featured in 'Best Of' Avenue Mag. Laser hair removal, BOTOX, Collagen Laser Hair Removal, Collagen Botox , Facials, & Adult Acne Laser Vein Removal View more Close Citysearch Editorial Profile -- By Sandra Ramani What happens when a doctor and a skin care specialist join forces. Editorial Rating: Not Rated The Space Upper East Side style-meets-doctor's office practicality, without the attitude of either. Opened in the summer of 2000, Dormer-Lowrance (named for the two founders, a doctor and a certified esthetician) fills two apartment-sized locations across the hall from each other. At the time of our visit, the finishing touches were being placed on most of the converted treatment rooms, so while comfortable, they were still sparsely outfitted. The Services Treatments with an eye to results. Dormer-Lowrance aims to not just relax and pamper, but also help clients treat more long-term issues. So along with facials, massage, body buffing, paraffin hand masks and the Dynamed T2000 anti-stress capsule, they also offer laser hair removal, a Liposculpting machine for cellulite reduction and laser scar and vein treatments. Specialists are available for nutrition consultations, and the doctor on staff conducts yearly preventative physicals. Recently, the spa purchased one of the few laser machines to fight facial wrinkles and the therapists will gladly work with plastic surgeons to provide pre-and post-op beauty regimes. Editorial content is independent of paid advertisers. Any expenses are paid for by Citysearch. Insider Tips Dynamed? Dynamite! Check out the futuristic Dynamed T2000 capsule, which uses heat, aromatherapy, massage and audio to induce an alpha state. Read more about it in our "X-treme Beauty" feature. American Beauty Find more beauty at the Whitney Museum of American Art. User Reviews What users are saying Short lines: yes Convenient hours: yes Low prices: yes Easy parking: yes Write a review and share your thoughts with other users. Laser Hair Removal that works Posted by ben_hairy on 10/18/2002 I always thought I had an unusually hairy back and it made me miserable during the summer with the heat and the embarrassment of taking my shirt off in public. I wasn't going to consider laser hair removal since a friend of mine had had multiple treatments at a local spa that seemed to be ineffective. But my new girlfriend at the time told me that Dr. Dormer had a great reputation and that she had received laser treatments last winter for her underarms and bikini area and was very satisfied with her results (it looked good to me too). After a free consultation and four treatments over the past 6 months I have 80% less hair on my back! It wasn't cheap but I feel great about myself. Thanks Beth wherever you are. Pros: professional, hospitable, exceptional Overall user rating: Highly Recommended Was this review helpful: Yes or No | Request removal of this review » Read all 3 reviews Related Editorial Content Nolita Shopping Guide Soho East offers an edgier selection of boutiques. Ski and Snowboard Guide We've got the lowdown on where to carve some turns, spend the night and shop for gear. Hotel Spas Indulge New York-style, whether you live here or not. View More » Specialty ratings for Dormer Medical Spa: 8.5 Hair Removal About Us | Advertise with Us | Contact Us | Press Center | Site Guide | List Your Business on Citysearch | Become an Affiliate | Job Opportunities | Other Cities | Get a Business Website | Submit an Event | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | New York Yellow Pages Citysearch is a registered trademark of 720619 Ontario Inc. and is used under license (C) 2005 Citysearch.com All rights reserved. partner sites: Evite - Entertainment.com - Gifts.com - TripAdvisor - ServiceMagic - Ticketmaster - Expedia - Hotels.com - Hotwire - HSN - LendingTree - Match.com - RealEstate.com - ReserveAmerica - Zerodegrees - CondoSaver - ClassicVacations - Ballard Designs - Frontgate - Garnet Hill - Smith+Noble - The Territory Ahead - Travel Smith

Hair Style

Nocturne.com :: Vintage Hairstyles Nocturne.com's Vintage Hair-Style Instructions Check out the newest additions to our vintage salon photos ! UPDATE! Dec 14 2003 Finally, I got my hands on a vintage hair salon book, and there are some nice little pieces of information that are going to come in handy, in particular for the pin curls. I'll add the new stuff a few pages at a time along with additional salon pix, so keep an eye on this space for the latest news. New pages FINGERWAVES! and from Woman's Day September 1949, with step-by-step instructions: Classic Page Boy Swirled Cap Sleek Contour Mock-Twenties Bob Check out some of these vintage beauty books! ROLLS Hair rolls are what most people think of when they think of vintage 1940s hair-dos. If you have at least shoulder length hair, you can do rolls! Give it a shot - it takes a bit of time to dry your hair once it's in curlers, so leave yourself plenty of time between starting your hair and walking out the door, or invest in a bonnet dryer from a beauty supply store or thrift shop. PINCURLS Pincurls are the basis for almost every 40's style - even if you put the front of your hair in rolls, you still want to make sure the back of your head is as pretty as the front. They're not hard to do, and once you have the hang of it, you can sit on the sofa and twist your locks up into pincurls without even looking in a mirror. Pin-Curl How-To Right & Wrong Way to Make Pincurls New Setting for Pincurls, Part 1 New Setting for Pincurls, Part 2 Vertical Waves Step-By-Step FINGERWAVES Finally! How long have I been promising fingerwaves? With the purchase of a couple of salon books, I finally have a little bit of information on how to do fingerwaves, in a way that helps describe how to do them. More to come, but for the time being, see how this works for you... Fingerwaves, Part 1 Fingerwaves, Part 2 Fingerwaves, Part 3 DO-RAGS Do-rags started off as a way to cover up your pincurl pins when you absolutely had to leave the house while your hair was drying. Once gals hit the workforce, the bandana became a necessary method of keeping their locks out of the machinery. But if you're looking for a tidy and easy way to put your hair up in a more casual fashion without fussing, this will do the trick. RAG CURLERS Want ringlets but don't want to deal with the pins? Want the effect of curlers without having to sleep on them? Give rag curlers a try! For those of you with curly hair, rag curlers can tame your wild locks, and for those with straight hair, you'll get a head-full of curls! CHOOSING A STYLE TO FLATTER YOUR FACE Long and thin, or short and full - choose a style to flatter your particular face shape. FIND A STYLIST TESTIMONIALS The Disclaimer... I'd just like to make one thing clear. I don't do this stuff on my own hair. I wear my hair in thrashed & overdyed dreadlocks. I don't wear rolls or pincurls or even much of a ponytail. So before you ask me how to do your hair for a shindig you've got coming up, remember that not only do I not do this professionally, I can't even use trial and error to figure it all out. Play around with your hair, read the FAQ , and have a good time! Nocturne Home Page ||| Nocturne Swing Page

hair growth by influencing

Control of Hair Growth DOJ Index Spanish Portuguese The control of hair growth Slobodan M. Jankovic and Snezana V. Jankovic Dermatology Online Journal 4(1): 2 From the Center for clinical and experimental pharmacologyClinical Hospital Centre, Kragujevac, Serbia, Yugoslavia. Abstract The hair follicle is one of a few human tissues containing stem cells. The stem cells are interspersed within the basal layer of the outer root sheath and in an area called the bulge. From this reservoir stem cells migrate to hair matrix and start to divide and differentiate. Their behavior is controlled by numerous cytokines produced by cells of the dermal papilla. Dermal papilla cells and some cells of the inner and outer sheaths of the follicle from androgen-dependent hairs have androgen receptors in their cytoplasm and nucleus. Androgens indirectly control hair growth by influencing the synthesis and release of cytokines from the dermal papilla cells. Drugs affecting hair growth belong to one of the following groups: cytotoxic drugs, antiandrogens and drugs acting on potassium channels. Further development of drugs selective for certain steps in the process of hair growth will enable more successful therapy of hair growth disorders. Introduction During fetal life the skin is covered with lanugo hairs. Around the eighth month of development this hair is usually shed. A second generation of lanugo hairs then starts growing and lasts until the first three or four months of extrauterine life are completed. After all lanugo hairs have disappeared, two types of hair emerge: vellus and terminal.[1] Vellus hairs are thin (< 0,1 mm), occasionally pigmented, and short (< 2 cm). All skin is covered with vellus hairs with the exception of skin on the palms, soles, volar side of fingers, penile glans and labia minora et majora (only on internal side).[2] Under the influence of diverse local and systemic factors vellus hairs are in certain regions transformed to terminal hairs. Terminal hairs are thick (up to 0,6 mm), long (> 2 cm), pigmented and medullated.[3] Hair and Follicle Morphology The portion of hair protruding above the level of the epidermis is called the hair shaft, and the portion within the follicle is the hair root. While terminal hairs are composed of medulla, cortex and cuticle, vellus hairs lack a medulla.[2[ A few rows of the incompletely keratinized cells form medulla, which is in the middle of the hair shaft. The cortex is built with several rows of completely keratinized fusiform cells; it gives strength to the hair. Cortex is covered with cuticle: one row of flat, keratinized cells arranged like tiles on the roof. The root of the hair is contained in the follicle. The hair follicle is composed of epithelial and connective tissue sheaths. The epithelial sheath, which is in close contact with the hair root, has two layers: inner and outer.[4] The inner layer is composed of three sublayers: (a) an inner layer, the cuticle, which is similar and in close contact with the hair cuticle; (b) a middle layer (Huxley's layer) made of a few rows of square cells; and (c) an outer, Henle's layer, made of one row of polygonal, flattened cells. The outer epithelial layer is considered to be a downgrowth of epidermis, with the spinous layer inside and the basal layer and basal lamina outside. The basal lamina is thickened and known as the vitreous membrane. A connective tissue sheath is an extension of the dermis: it has two layers, inner papillary and outer reticular. The bottom of the hair root is enlarged and made of cells with high potential for division and differentiation. These cells comprise what is known as the hair matrix. The hair matrix cells divide and move up the follicle, differentiating into either hair cells or inner epithelial sheath cells. Among matrix stem cells there are melanocytes producing pigment of the hair. The pigment is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine (catalysed by the enzyme phenol-oxydase) and transformed through dopa to dopaquinon. Further transformation of dopaquinon proceeds in two directions: either spontaneous transformation to indolquinon or through the addition of the amino acid cystein. Polymerization of indolquinon only produces the dark pigment, melanin. Polymerization of indolquinon and dopaquinon with added cystein produces the yellow pigment, pheomelanin. Matrix cells during their differentiation ingest (by phagocytosis) melanin or pheomelanin from dendritic elongations of melanocytes. This is how hair assumes its color: black if melanin is dominant, and yellow or red if pheomelanin is the major pigment.[4] The portion of connective tissue root sheath that is in intimate contact with the hair matrix is known as the dermal papilla. It has a major regulating role in hair growth. Hair Growth Hairs grow in cycles which are not synchronized in human beings; each hair enters phases of the growth cycle at a different time. There are three phases of the hair growth cycle: anagen, catagen and telogen.[1] Anagen is the phase of active hair growth - approximately 900f all hairs are in anagen. It lasts from 2 to 6 years, depending on skin region. After anagen is completed, the hair enters catagen; during this short phase (2 - 3 weeks) the matrix cells gradually stop dividing and eventually keratinize. When full keratinization is achieved, the hair enters the last phase of the cycle, telogen. During the telogen phase (3 - 4 months) keratinized hair falls out, and a new matrix is gradually formed from stem cells in basal layer of outer epithelial root sheath bulge. A new hair starts to grow and the follicle is back in anagen phase. Factors Influencing Hair Growth Stem cells of the hair follicle are gathered in the basal layer of the outer root sheath bulge.[5] It is from these cells that matrix cells are formed.[6] Growth and differentiation of the matrix cells are under the influence of substances produced by cells of the dermal papilla. On the other hand, the secretory activity of the dermal papilla is controlled either by substances produced in cells of the spinous layer of the outer root sheath or by hormones. Cells of the spinous layer produce peptides greater than 3000 daltons which increase the number of papilla cell mitoses two to five times.[7] It was recently discovered that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) potentiate the growth of dermal papilla cells. It is proposed that these proteins increase the synthesis of stromelysin (an enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase) which acts on the papilla cells and accelerates their growth. Another cytokine, transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ), inhibits mitogen - induced dermal papilla cell proliferation.[8] On the other hand, dermal papilla cells produce numerous cytokines which influence proliferation of hair matrix cells. Some of them are stimulators, and some inhibitors. Interleukin 1- (IL-1 ) inhibits growth of hair and follicle, but only after 2-4 days of latency.[9] The increase of IL-1 concentration in extracellular fluid during inflammation could be one of the reasons for alopecia following certain infectious diseases. Apart from IL-1alpha, both fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibit growth of the hair and hair follicle. Fibroblast growth factor type 5 (FGF5) is an especially potent inhibitor.[10] Receptors for these ligands were found by immunohistochemical methods on papilla cells, matrix cells and stem sells in the bulge region of the hair follicle.[11,12] Another cytokine produced by cells of the dermal papilla, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), induces extensive hair growth in murine models of alopecia. Receptors for KGF were found on keratinocytes in the basal epidermis and throughout developing hair follicles of rat embryos and neonates.[13] Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) accelerates, in a concentration-dependent manner, growth of hair and hair follicles.[14] The actions of IGF-I are modulated by proteins produced in dermal papilla cells which bind IGF (insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins: IGFBPs); the exact mechanism of modulation has not yet been resolved.[15] However, it has been shown that IGFBP-3 (which is the most abundant IGFBP type in dermal papilla cells) forms a complex with free IGF-I to reduce the concentration of IGF-I available for stimulation of hair elongation and maintenance of the anagen phase.[16] Retinoids and glucocorticoids stimulate production of IGFBP-3 in dermal papilla cells. Insulin itself has the same effect as IGF-I; it has been observed that body hair in patients with hyperinsulinism has a male distribution pattern.[17,18] On the other hand, growth hormone (somatotropin) has no direct influence on follicle and hair growth.[14] Animal studieshave shown that substance P induces transition of hair from telogen toanagen phase. The same effect has been observed with the active principle of chili peppers, capsaicin, which releases substance P from nerve endings in skin.[19] Substance P also binds receptors on C-type afferent nerve fibers, producing pain. Substances regulating the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorous may also be involved in control of hair growth. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide inhibit hair growth and epidermal cell proliferation.[20] 1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25/OH/D3) in low concentration (1-10nM) stimulates, and in high concentration (100nM) and after longer contact inhibits hair and hair follicle growth.[21] These actions of PTH and 1,25/OH/D3 require direct contact with hair follicles. Androgen-dependent Hair Androgens have diverse effects on hair in different body regions.[22] Effects vary from essentially nonexistent (e.g. on eye-lashes), weak (on temporal and suboccipital region hair), moderate (on extremity hair), or strong (on facial, parietal region, pubic, chest, and axillary hair). Androgens bind toreceptors both in the cytoplasm and nuclei of dermal papilla cells andsome cells of the sheaths of the follicle, but only if the hair is in anagen or telogen.[23,24] Two molecular forms of androgen receptors have beenproposed: active (protein-monomer, 62 kDa) and inactive (protein-tetramer, with four subunits, total molecular weight 252 kDa). The monomer form has much greater affinity for androgens (dissociation constant for dihydrotestosterone is 2.9 nM). Four monomer molecules aggregate to form a tetramer in a reversible reaction.[23] Necessary factors are glutathione and the enzyme, endogenous disulfide converting factor. The complex of androgen hormone-receptor moves to the cell nucleus and there enables expression of genes coding cytokines. Cells of the dermal papilla synthesize and secrete cytokines which control growth and differentiation of hair matrix cells.[25,26,27,28] In most hair the released cytokines stimulate matrix cell division and differentiation, however for hair of the parietal region the cytokines act as inhibitors, leading to follicle atrophy. Numerous factors affect the number and activity of androgen receptors in dermal papilla cells. Retinoic acid (vitamin A derivative), if used for a long time, may reduce the number of androgen receptors by 30 - 40 percent.[29] Vitamin B6 reduces by 35-40% the extent of protein synthesis observed after androgen receptor activation.[30] A polypeptide with molecular weight of 60 kDa, analogous to an intracellular calcium-binding proteincalled calreticulin, prevents binding of the androgen-receptor complex to DNA and also results in the production of calreticulin.[31] Among all androgens, dermal papilla cells are most affected by 5- -dihydrotestosterone (5 -DHT). It is synthesized in these cells from testosterone under catalytic action of the enzyme 5- -reductase.[32] This enzyme exists in two forms (isoenzymes) - type I and type II .[33,34] 5- -dihydrotestosterone is further reduced to 3- -androstanediol which, after conjugation with glucuronic acid, is excreted in urine. Plasma and urine levels of 3- -androstanediol glucuronide are the most precise clinical indicators of the extent of testosterone transformation to 5- -DHT).[35] They are elevated in hirsute women. Growth of androgen-dependent hairs can be influenced in several ways: (a) by decreasing androgen production, (b) by blocking testosterone transformation to 5- -DHT or (c) by blocking androgen receptors. Androgen production can be decreased either surgically (removal of hormone-producing ovarian or adrenal tumor) or with drugs. If increased production of androgens is the consequence of adrenal cortex hyperplasia, it can be suppressed with cortisone. Exogenous cortisone will inhibit release of ACTH from the hypophysis, and this in turn will decrease hyperplasia. If increased androgen production is caused by polycystic ovarian dystrophy, it can be reduced by inhibition of hypophyseal release of gonadotropins. Continuous administration of gonadorelin analogs (leuprolide, goserelin, decapeptyl, etc.) is a very efficient tool for achieving this goal. However, administration of these drugs is accompanied by significant adverse effects that result from decreased estrogen and progesterone production. Menstrual irregularities, flushes and osteoporosis are commonly observed (36). These adverse effects can be reduced by simultaneous administration of estrogen (during the first 21 days of the menstrual cycle) and progesterone (from 12th to 21st days of the cycle). Transformation of testosterone to 5- -DHT can successfully be interrupted with inhibitors of 5- -reductase. One of them, finasteride, is already used clinically with significant efficacy [37] without disturbance of sex hormone plasma levels. Finasteride only inhibits type II 5- -reductase.[37] There are other 5- -reductase blockers (so-called azasteroids), that have a steroid nucleus with an attached 4-methyl-4-azo moiety and a long hydrophobic side chain on C-17. The most efficient among them is 17 -N,N-diethylcarbamyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 -androstan-3-one, which has a greater effect on in-vitro hair follicle cultures than finasteride.[38] One way to suppress the growth of androgen-dependent hairs is by the blockade of androgen receptors. The competitive androgen receptor blocker flutamide has already been approved for human use. Women with idiopathic hirsutism taking flutamide experienced a 30% reduction of hair diameter without disturbance of plasma levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, androstenedione or dehydroepiandrostenedione.[39] Treatment should consist of daily administration of 375 mg for several months.[40] Compared to spironolactone (a diuretic with androgen receptor blocking activity), flutamide is about 3 times more effective [41,42] with less adverse effects (menstrual irregularities). Several blockers of androgen receptors with non-steroid chemical structure were synthesized recently. They are N-substituted arylthiohydantoins: RU 59063, RU 56187 and RU 58841.[43,44] These are very potent substances. Their affinity for androgen receptors is three times higher than the affinity of testosterone. One of them, RU 58841, is active when applied locally, which is of great benefit considering the significant adverse effects observed after systemic administration. One of the imidazole antimycotics, ketoconazole, is an inhibitor of androgen biosynthesis and also an androgen receptor blocker, however its affinity for androgen receptors is low. Systemic administration of ketoconazole for the treatment of hirsutism requires high doses and is associated with a high incidence of adverse effects.[45] Adverse Effects of Drugs on Hair Many drugs have significant effects on hair growth in humans. Besides the above-mentioned drugs with affinity for androgen receptors, may drugs affect both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent hair. They produce either hair loss or increased growth. Drugs producing hair loss: Drugs may affect hair follicles in anagen in two ways: by stopping mitosis in matrix cells (anagen effluvium) or by inducing transition of hair follicles from anagen to premature telogen (telogen effluvium). Anagen effluvium ensues a few days or weeks after drug administration,[46] and telogen effluvium only after two to four months. In both cases hair loss is reversible. Anagen effluvium can be produced by cytotoxic drugs (alkylating agents, alkaloids) and telogen by: heparin, vitamin A and its derivatives, interferons, angiotensin converting enzyme blockers, beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol), the antiepileptic trimethadione, levodopa, nicotinic acid, salts of gold, lithium, cimetidine, amphetamine, isoniazid and antiinflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid). Precise molecular mechanisms of action for the majority of these drugs remains unknown. Drugs producing increase in hair growth: Drugs may increase growth of androgen-dependent hairs (hirsutism) or of all hair (hypertrichosis). Hirsutism can be caused by testosterone, danazol, ACTH, metyrapone, anabolic steroids, glucocorticoids and some antiepileptics - phenytoin and carbamazepine.[47] Hypertrichosis can be produced by cyclosporine, minoxidil and diazoxide. Minoxidil and diazoxide open potassium channels in cell membranes leading to hyperpolarisation. The opening of potassium channels could be main mechanism of their hypertrihotic action. Furthermore, it has been shown that other drugs which open potassium channels (P-1075, cromakalim) are able to produce hypertrihosis.[48] Endogenous substances that affect hair growth SUBSTANCE SITE OF ACTION EFFECT ON HAIR GROWTH Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) Dermal papilla cells increase (H) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) Dermal papilla cells increase (H) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ) Dermal papilla cells decrease (H) Interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1- ) Hair matrix cells decrease (H) Fibroblast growth factor type 5 (FGF5) Hair matrix cells decrease (H) Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Hair matrix cells decrease (H) Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) Hair matrix cells increase (R) Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) Hair matrix cells increase (H) Substance P Unknown increase (M) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Unknown decrease (M) 1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25/OH/D3) Unknown concentration low = increase (H) high = decrease (H) Table 1. Endogenous substances which affect hair growth. The species studied is noted in parentheses adjacent to the effect: H = human, R = rat, and M = mouse.It should be noted that there are vast differences between animal models and human hair follicles. Conclusion The hair follicle has a treasure of control mechanisms which influence its growth. Many are under the influence of androgens, while the others are highly autonomous. Thanks to the very long chain of factors controlling hair growth we have the opportunity to intervene in a number of ways. Hirsutism, as well as hair loss, are serious psycho-social problems for affected persons. With the recent advances in the study of hair growth, design of both selective and safe drugs for solving these major problems should be only a matter of time. References 1. Martinovi NM. De Pili Humani. Belgrade: Zavod za ud`benike inastavna sredstva, 1995: 1-73. 2. Kosti A. Osnovi Normalne Histologije. Belgrade: Nau~na Knjiga, 1950: 709-15. 3. Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ. Dermal - epidermal interactions- follicle-derived cell populations in the study of hair -growth mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101(1 Suppl): 33S-38S 4. Allali-Zerah V, Mahoudeau J. L hirsutisme. Rev. Prat. 1994; 43: 2355-62. 5. Wilson CL, Sun TT, Lavker RM. Cells in the bulge of the mouse telogen follicle give rise to the lower anagen follicle. Skin Pharmacol 1994; 7: 8-11. 6. Rochat A, Kobayashi K, Barrandon Y. Location of stem cells of human hair follicles by clonal analysis. Cell 1994; 76: 1063-73. 7. Warren R, Wong TK. Stimulation of human scalp papilla cells by epithelial cells. Arch Dermatol Res 1994; 286: 1-5. 8. Goodman LV, Ledbetter SR. Secretion of stromelysin by cultured dermal papilla cells: differential regulation by growth factors and functional role in mitogen-induced cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 1992; 151: 41-9. 9 Harmon CS, Nevins TD. IL-1 alpha inhibits human hair follicle growth and hair fiber production in whole organ cultures. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 1993; 12: 197-203. 10. Herbert JM, Rosenquis T, Gotz J et al. FGF 5 as a regulator of the hair growth cycle: evidence from targeted and spontaneous mutations. Cell 1994; 78: 1017-25. 11. Du Cros DL. Fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor in hair development. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101(1 Suppl): 106S-113S. 12. Akiyama M, Smith LT, Holbrook KA. Growth factor and growth factor receptor localization in the hair follicle bulge and associated tissue in human fetus. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106: 391-6. 13. Danilenko DM, Ring BD, Yanagihara D, et al. Keratinocyte growth factor is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation. Normalization of the nu/nu follicular differentiation defect and amelioration od chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Am J Pathol 1995; 147: 145-54. 14. Philpott MP, Sanders DA, Kealey T. Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on cultured human hair follicles: IGF-I at physiologic. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102: 857-61. 15. Batch JA, Mercuri FA, Werther GA. Identification and localization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) messenger RNAs in human hair follicle dermal papilla. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106: 471-5. 16. Hembree JR, Harmon CS, Nevins TD, et al. Regulation of human dermal papilla cell production of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 by retinoic acid, glucocorticoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. J Cell Physiol 1996; 167: 556-61. 17. Fossati P, Fontaine P. Endocrine and metabolic consequences of massive obesity. Rev Prat 1993; 43: 1935-9. 18. Hrnciar J, Hrnciarova M, Jakubikova K, et al. Insulin resistance and arterial hypertension. Hyperinsulinism as a basic etiopathogenic factor in essential arterial hypertension and associated phenomena. Vnitr Lek 1992; 38: 868-78. 19. Paus R, Heinzelmann T, Schultz KD, et al. Hair growth induction by substance P. Lab Invest 1994; 71: 134-40. 20. Holick MF, Ray S, Chen TC, et al. A parathyroid hormone antagonist stimulates epidermal proliferation and hair growth in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 8014-6. 21. Harmon CS, Nevins TD. Biphasic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human hair follicle growth and hair fiber production in whole-organ cultures. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 103: 318-22. 22. Randall VA, Thorton MJ, Hamada K, Messenger AG. Androgen action in cultured dermal papilla cells from human hair follicles. Skin Pharmacol 1994; 7: 20-6. 23. Sawaya ME. Purification of androgen receptors in human sebocytes and hair. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 98(6 Suppl):925-965. 24. Chondrhry R, Hodgins MB, Van-der Kwast TH, et al. Localisation of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. J Endocrinol 1992; 133: 467-75. 25. Randall VA, Thornton MJ, Messenger AG, et al. Hormones and hair growth: variations in androgen receptor content of dermal papilla cells cultured from human and red deer (Cervus elaphus) hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101(1 Suppl): 1145-1205. 26. Randall VA, Thornton MJ, Messenger AG. Cultured dermal papilla cells from androgen-dependent human hair follicles (e. g. beard) contain more androgen receptors than those from non-bolding areas of scalp. J Endocrinol 1992; 133: 141-7. 27. Randall VA, Thornton MJ, Hamada K, et al. Mechanism of androgen action in cultured dermal papilla cells derived from human hair follicles with varying responses to androgens in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 98(6 Suppl): 86S-91S. 28. Itami S, Kurata S, Sonoda T, et al. Interaction between dermal papilla cells and follicular epithelial cells in vitro: effect of androgen. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132: 527-32. 29. Yong CY, Murtha PE, Andrews PE, et al. Antagonism of androgen action in prostate tumor cells by retinoic acid. Prostate 1994; 25: 39-45. 30. Allgood VE, Cidlowski JA. Vitamin B6 modulates transcriptional activation by multiple members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 3819-24. 31. Dedhar S, Rennie PS, Shago M. et al. Inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor activity by calreticulin. Nature 1994; 367: 480-3. 32. Randall VA. Role of 5 alpha-reductase in health and disease. Bailliers Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 8: 405-31. 33. Verchoore M. Hyperandrogenie et folicule pilo-sebace. Rev Prat 1994; 43: 2363-9. 34. Horton R. Dihydrotestosterone is a peripheral paracrine hormone. J Androl 1992; 13: 23-7. 35. Toscano V, Balducci R, Bianchi P. et al. Two different pathogenetic mechanisms may play a role in acne and in hirsutism . Clin Endocrinol Oxf 1993; 39: 551-6. 36. Carmina E, Janni A, Lobo RA. Physiological estrogen replacement may enhance the effectiveness of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 126-30. 37 Fruzzeti F, de Lorenzo D, Parrini D, et al. Effects of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on circulating androgens and gonadotropin secretion in hirsute women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 831-5. 38 Mellin TN, Busch RD, Rasmusson GH. Azasteroids as inhibitors of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase in mammalian skin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993; 44: 121-31. 39. Fruzzeti F, de Lorenzo D, Ricci C, et al. Clinical and endocrine effects of flutamide in hyperandrogenic women. Fertil Steril 1993; 60: 806-13. 40. Marugo M, Bernasconi D, Meozzi M, et al. The use of flutamide in the management of hirsutism. J Endocrinol Invest 1994; 17: 195-9. 41. Cusan L, Dupont A, Gomez JL, et al. Comparison of flutamide and spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 1994; 61: 281-7. 42. Derksen J, Moolenaar AJ, Van Sters AP, et al. Semiquantitative assessment of hirsutism in Dutch women. Br J Dermatol 1993; 128: 259-63. 43 Teutsch G, Goubet F, Battmann T. et al. Non-steroidal antiandrogens: synthesis and biological profile of high-affinity ligands for the androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 48: 111-9. 44. Battmann T, Bonfils A, Branche C, et al. RU 58841, a new specific topical antiandrogen: a candidate of choice for the treatment of acne, androgenetic alopecia and hirsutism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 48: 55-60. 45. Eil C. Ketoconazole binds to the human androgen receptor. Horm Metabol Res 1992; 24: 367-70. 46. Tosti A, Misciali C, Piraccini BM, et al. Drug-induced hair loss and hair growth. Incidence, management and avoidance. Drug Saf 1994; 10: 310-7. 47. Swart E, Lochner JD. Skin conditions in epileptics. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992; 17: 169-72. 48. Buhl AE, Conrad SJ, Waldon DJ, et al. Potassium channel conductance as a control mechanism in hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101(1 Suppl): 148S-152S. © 1998 Dermatology Online Journal

hair transplantation, lateral slit,

Wolfhair Expert Surgical Hair Restoration. 1-800-900-4769 Welcome to WolfHair.com DR. WOLF OFFERS EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ALL FORMS OF HAIR LOSS Bradley R. Wolf M.D., board certified by the American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery , specializes exclusively in the practice of surgical hair restoration. Dr. Wolf is dedicated to providing his patients with the most natural results possible at reasonable prices. Hair plays an important part in forming a person's image . Hair restoration can be affordable. Since 1990 he has transplanted over one million hair follicles and has used this experience to develop a technique that allows him to place hundreds of micrografts (one to four hair grafts) extremely close together without scarring. Patients are extremely satisfied with the results and their wolfhair experience at the Dr. Wolf's clinic. Dr. Wolf can transfer more then 4000 grafts (more than 8000 hairs) per session allowing patients to complete the hair restoration process faster than in the past. All grafts, or follicular units are placed into small incisions maintaining the integrity of the scalp while healing faster than any other method. This produces a natural distribution of hair follicles and hence the most natural results possible. This site was built to help you get a better understanding of the causes of hair loss, hair restoration techniques and our practice. Dr. Wolf uses a variety of surgical techniques, including traditional strip surgery, follicular unit extraction, body hair transplantation, lateral slit, scar excision and scar repair. The technique that is used depends on the patients' needs. Please call to schedule al face-to-face appointment, submit a virtual consultation form or arrange a photo/video consult for assessment of your personal hair loss situation. Thank you for visiting us and please come back. INFORMATION Dr. Wolf performed a FUE (Follucular Unit Extraction) procedure on this patient. In the near future more grafts will be inserted between the existing grafts to increase density. Follow up photos will be posted. Dissection of the donor tissue under high power magnification is a requirement of contemporary hair restoration. Read Dr.Wolf's opinion on the follicular unit prepration with microscopes. Body Hair Transplant see the case study of the follicular unit extraction and transplantation of the body hair. Spy on wolfhair! Check out our 24/7 webcast from the surgery room. You can witness Dr. Wolf's work and get a good idea of the elements of the surgery. E-STORE Visit our electronic-store Information For Ohio Cosmetologists Our office had been certified by the Ohio State Board of Cosmetology to offer continuing education course «Anatomy and Physiology of the Hair Growth Cycle and Modern techniques in Hair Restoration», certification number OT055967. READ DETAILS HOME SERVICES DR. WOLF RESULTS LEARN MORE FORUM CONTACT E-STORE LINKS WOLFHAIR USA WOLFHAIR INTERNATIONAL WOLFHAIR is a registered trademark SITE DISCLAIMER Cincinnati, OH Columbus, OH Aspen, CO St. Petersburg, Russia Brussels, Belgium Prague, Czech Republic Dublin, Ireland